Start with an accessibility-first mindset. Ensure that you consider accessibility through out creating math content and not after it is finished. 

For every figure, graph, diagram or plot:

• ensure the main takeaway of the figure is clearly explained in the body text or caption. 
• the figure has a caption and a title
• the figure can be understood if the image is not visible

Provide a short alt text for all complex figures

• the short alt text is 1-2 sentences
• identifies the type of image (graph, diagram, flowchart, etc.)
• summarizes the key point or result
• points to where the full explanation appears (body text, caption)
• alt text does not repeat the caption text
• alt text focuses on meaning, not decorative details
• Alt text is approximately 150 characters, when possible. 

Write Math Clearly for Those Using Screen Readers

When math appears in alt text or descriptions make sure: 

• Symbols are written out in words or text, not only as visual notations
• Expressions are written the way they would be spoken out loud
• Abbreviations are expanded on first use
• Mathematical descriptions follow MathJax speech conventions where possible

Color and Visual Elements

• Color is not the only way information is conveyed
• Patterns, textures, labels, shapes, or line styles are used in addition to color
• Figures remain understandable in grayscale
• Color meets WCAG contrast requirements (WebAim Color Contrast Checker):
  • Non-text graphics: at least 3:1
  • Text: at least 4.5:1
• Color combinations problematic for  color-vision deficiency are avoided (Choosing Color)

Multi-part or complex figures

• Each Sub-figure is explained clearly in text
• Alt text addresses the overall purpose of the figure
• If needed, separate alt text or structured explanations are provided for parts

Code-generated figures

• Confirm with the publisher how the alt text should be provided
• Alt Text is supplied via:
  • Comments, tags, or
  • A separate document (as required)
• For simple figures, the code meaningfully conveys the takeaway
• for complex figures, an alt text is provided instead of raw code

Data Behind Graphs and Plots

• The underlying data is available to non-visual users
• The Data is:
  • Included in the body text or appendix, or
  • links to data are clearly labeled and accessible

Equations

• Equations are written using clean, sematic LaTex
• avoid visual hacks that break MathJax or assistive technology parsing

File Formats and Media

• Figures use prefered formats:
  • Vector (PDF, EPS) when ever possible
  • Raster (PNG, JPG) only when necessary
• Animations or videos:
  • Avoid Flashing or red-dominant motion
  • Do not pose seizure risks

Before Submitting or Publishing

• All figures can be explained without showing it
• A screen reader user can follow the mathematical argument
• Visual meaning is backed up by text
• check with publisher-specific accessibility instructions

Resources

• Accessible Math Overview